Lumbar Disc Prolapse & Spine Instability - Dr. Senthil Ortho Clinic

Your Health, Our Priority

What is Lumbar Disc Prolapse?

Between the bones of the spine (vertebrae), there are soft cushions called intervertebral discs. These discs act as shock absorbers and help the spine move smoothly. A lumbar disc prolapse (commonly known as a slipped or herniated disc) occurs when a disc in the lower back bulges or ruptures and presses on nearby nerves.

Common Symptoms

Lower back pain
Pain radiating down the leg (commonly called sciatica)
Numbness or tingling in the leg or foot
Weakness in the foot or leg
Difficulty bending, sitting, or walking for prolonged periods

Treatment of Lumbar Disc Prolapse

Non-Surgical Treatment (First-Line Treatment)
Rest and activity modification
Pain-relieving medications
Physiotherapy
Back strengthening exercises
Posture correction

Approximately 80–90% of patients improve with conservative (non-surgical) treatment.

When is Surgery needed?

Surgery may be recommended when:
Severe pain persists for more than 6 weeks despite medication and physiotherapy
Progressive weakness develops in the leg or foot
Loss of bladder or bowel control occurs (a medical emergency)
Symptoms significantly affect daily activities and quality of life

What is Done During Surgery?

The most common surgery performed is Lumbar Microdiscectomy.

In this minimally invasive procedure, the portion of the disc pressing on the nerve is removed through a small incision, relieving nerve compression and leg pain.

Recovery After Surgery

Patients are usually able to stand and walk within 1–2 days
Discharge is commonly done on the 3rd day
Stitches are usually removed after 2 weeks
Return to daily activities is expected within 3–4 weeks

What is Spine Instability?

Spine instability occurs when the vertebrae move abnormally, causing pain, deformity, or nerve compression.

One common condition is Spondylolisthesis, in which one vertebra slips forward over another, leading to lower back pain, leg pain, numbness, or weakness.

Treatment of Spine Instability

Non-Surgical Treatment
Pain medications
Physiotherapy
Core muscle strengthening exercises
Back braces
Activity modification

Surgical Treatment

When symptoms are severe or instability progresses, Spinal Fusion Surgery may be recommended.

During this procedure, two or more vertebrae are stabilized using screws and rods. A bone graft is placed between the vertebrae to help them fuse together, creating a stable spine and reducing pain.

Benefits of Treatment

Significant pain relief
Improved walking ability
Better spinal stability and function
Reduced nerve compression symptoms
Enhanced quality of life